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Theology of the Heart: Teachings of the Saints |
Sermon
on Temptation
St. Francis de Sales
Excerpted from:
St Francis de Sales, Selected Letters
Sermon for the First Sunday of Lent, February 13, 1622, concerning
the universality of temptation, the spiritual danger of idleness,
faith as a prime weapon against temptation, slothful souls,
presumptuous reliance of beginners on the strength from their
sensible fervor, attachment to the consolations of God, Our Lord’s
example in undergoing temptation from the devil, battling one’s
faults with patience and perseverance, vain hopes which distract the
soul from practicing solid virtue, the folly of avariciously chasing
after a multiplicity of devotions, and vain complacency in God’s
consolations.
“My
son, when you come to serve God, prepare your soul for temptation.”
– Ecclus. (Sirach) 2:1
This
is an admonition of the Sage: “My son, if you intend to serve God,
prepare your soul for temptation,” for it is an infallible truth
that no one is exempt from temptation when he has truly resolved to
serve God. This being the case, Our Lord Himself chose to be
subjected to temptation in order to show us how we ought to resist
it. Thus the Evangelists tell us: He was led into the desert by the
Spirit to be tempted. [Matt. 4:1; Mk. 1:12; Lk. 4:1]. I shall
draw lessons from this mystery for our particular instruction, in as
familiar a manner as I am able.
In
the first place, I note that although no one can be exempt from
temptation, still no one should seek it or go of his own
accord to the place where it may be found, for undoubtedly he who
loves it will perish in it. [Ecclus. 3:27]. That is why the
Evangelist says that Our Lord was led into the desert by the
Spirit to be tempted; it was not then by His choice (I am
speaking with regard to His human nature) that He went to the place
of temptation, but He was led by the obedience He owed to His
heavenly Father.
I
find in Holy Scripture two young princes who furnish us with
examples on this subject. One sought temptation and perished in it.
The other, without seeking it, encountered it but left the combat
victorious.
At
the time when kings should go to war, as his own army faced the
enemy, David strolled about on the roof of the king’s house, idling
his time away as though he had nothing to do. Being idle in this
way, he was overcome by temptation. Bethsabee, that inconsiderate
lady, went to bathe in a place where she could be seen from the roof
of the king’s house. Certainly, this was an act of unparalleled
imprudence which I cannot excuse, even though several modern writers
wish to render it excusable by saying that she did not think of
that. To bathe in a place where she exposed herself to view from the
roof of the royal palace was a very great indiscretion. Whether she
thought of it or not, young Prince David began by allowing
himself to gaze on her, and then perished in the temptation which he
had sought by his idleness and sloth [2 Kgs. 11:1-4]. You
see, idleness is a great help to temptation. Never say: “I do not
seek it; I am not doing anything.” That is enough in order to be
tempted, for temptation has a tremendous power over us when it finds
us idle. Oh, if David had gone out on campaign at the time that he
should have gone, the temptation would not have had the power of
attacking him, or at least of overcoming and vanquishing him.
In
contrast, young Prince Joseph, who was later viceroy of Egypt, did
not seek temptation at all, and so upon meeting it he did not perish
in it. He had been sold by his brothers [Gen. 37:28], and his
master’s wife exposed him to danger. But he had never indulged or
heeded the amorous glances of his mistress; rather, he nobly
resisted her advances and was victorious, thus triumphing not only
over the temptation but also over her who had been the cause of it [Gen.
39:7-12].
If we
are led by the Spirit of God to the place of temptation, we should
not fear, but should be assured that He will render us victorious [1
Cor. 10:13]. But we must not seek temptation nor go out to
allure it, however holy and generous we may think ourselves to be,
for we are not more valiant than David, nor than our Divine
Master Himself, who did not choose to seek it. Our enemy is like a
chained dog; if we do not approach, it will do us no harm, even
though it tries to frighten us by barking at us.
But
wait a little, I pray you, and see how certain it is that no one who
comes to serve God can avoid temptations. We could give many
examples of this but one or two will suffice. Ananias and Saphira
made a vow to dedicate themselves and their possessions to the
perfection which all the first Christians professed, submitting
themselves to obedience to the Apostles. They had no sooner made
their resolution than temptation attacked them, as St. Peter said:
Who has tempted you to lie to the Holy Spirit? [Acts. 5:1-3].
The great Apostle St. Paul, as soon as he had given himself to
the divine service and ranged himself on the side of
Christianity, was immediately tempted for the rest of his life
[2 Cor. 12:7]. While he was an enemy of God and persecuted
the Christians he did not feel the attack of any temptation, or at
least he has given us no testimony of it in his writings. But he did
when he was converted by Our Lord.
Thus,
it is a very necessary practice to prepare our soul for temptation.
That is, wherever we may be and however perfect we may be, we must
rest assured that temptation will attack us. Hence, we ought to be
so disposed and to provide ourselves with the weapons I to fight
valiantly in order to carry off the victory, since the crown is only
for the combatants and conquerors [2 Tim. 2:5, Jas. 1:12]. We
ought never to trust in our own strength or in our courage and go
out to seek temptation, thinking to confound it; but if in that
place where the Spirit of God has led us we encounter it, we must
remain firm in the confidence which we ought to have that He will
strengthen us against the attacks of our enemy, however furious they
may be.
Let
us proceed and consider a little the weapons which Our Lord made use
of to repulse the devil that came to tempt Him in the desert. They
were none other, my dear friends, than those the Psalmist speaks of
in the Psalm we recite every day at Compline: “Qui habitat in
adjutorio Altissimi” “Who dwells in the aid of the Most High” [Ps.
90]. From this Psalm we learn an admirable doctrine. He speaks
in this manner as though addressing Christians or someone in
particular: “Oh how happy you are, you who are armed with the truth
of God, for it will serve you as a shield against the arrows of your
enemies and will make you victorious. Therefore, do not fear, O
blessed souls, you who are armed with this armor of truth. Fear
neither the terrors of the night, for you will not stumble into
them; nor the arrows that fly in the air by day, for arrows will not
be able to injure you; nor the business that roams in the night;
much less the devil that advances and reveals himself at noon.”
O how
divinely well armed with truth was Our Lord and Master, for He was
truth itself [Jn. 14:6]. This truth of which the Psalmist
speaks is nothing other than faith [1 Thess. 5:8]. Whoever
is armed with faith need fear nothing; this is the only armor
necessary to repel and confound our enemy; for what can harm him who
says Credo, “I believe” in God, who is our Father, and our Father
Almighty? In saying these words we show that we do not trust in our
own strength and that it is only in the strength of God, “the Father
Almighty,” that we undertake the combat, that we hope for victory [Ps.
17:30, 43:6-7, Heb. 11:33-34; 1 Jn. 5:4]. No, let us not go on
our own to meet temptation by any presumption of spirit, but only
rebuff it when God permits it to attack us and seek us out where we
are, as it did Our Lord in the desert. By using the words of Holy
Scripture our dear Master overcame all the temptations the enemy
presented to Him.
But I
want it to be understood that the Saviour was not tempted as we are
and that temptation could not be in Him as it is in us, for He was
an impregnable stronghold to which it did not have access. Just as a
man who is vested from head to foot in fine steel could not be
injured in any way by the blows of a weapon, since it would glance
off on either side, not even scratching the armor; so temptation
could indeed encompass Our Lord but never enter into Him, nor do any
injury to His integrity and perfect purity. But we are different.
If, by the grace of God, we do not consent to temptations, and avoid
the fault and the sin in them, ordinarily we are nevertheless
wounded a little by some importunity, trouble, or emotion that they
produce in our heart.
Our
Divine Master could not have faith, since He possessed in the
superior part of His soul, from the moment that He began to be, a
perfect knowledge of the truths which faith teaches us; however, He
wished to make use of this virtue in order to repel the enemy, for
no other reason, my dear friends, than to teach all that we have to
do. Do not then seek for other arms nor other weapons in order to
refuse consent to a temptation except to say, “I believe.” And what
do you believe? “In God” my “Father Almighty.”
St.
Bernard, referring to these words of the Psalm which we have cited,
said that the terrors of the night of which the Psalmist speaks are
of three kinds. From this I will draw my third lesson. The first
fear is that of cowards and slothful souls; the second, that of
children; and the third, that of the weak. Fear is the first
temptation which the enemy presents to those who have resolved to
serve God, for as soon as they are shown what perfection
requires of them they think, “Alas, I shall never be able to do it.”
It seems to them that it is almost an impossibility to attain to
that height, and they readily say, “O God, what perfection is needed
to live in this house, or in this way of life and in my vocation! It
is too high for me: I cannot attain it!” Do not trouble yourself and
do not frame these idle fears that you are not able to accomplish
that to which you have bound yourself, since you are armed and
encompassed with the truth of God and with His word. Having called
you to this manner of life and to this house, He will strengthen you
and will give you the grace to persevere [1 Cor. 1:7-8; 1 Thess.
5:24] and to do what is required for His greater glory and for
your greater welfare and happiness, provided you walk simply in
faithful observance.
Do
not be astonished, therefore, and do not do as the slothful, who are
troubled when they wake at night by the fear that daylight will come
very soon when they will have to work. The slothful and cowardly
fear everything and find everything difficult and trying because
they amuse themselves in thinking, with the foolish and slothful
imagination which they have created for themselves, more about
future difficulties than what they have to do at present. “Oh,”
they say, “if I devote myself to the service of God, it will be
necessary for me to work so much in order to resist the temptations
which will attack me.” You are quite right, for you will not be
exempt from them, since it is a general rule that all the servants
of God are tempted, as St. Jerome wrote in that beautiful epistle
which he addressed to his dear daughter, Eustochium.
To
whom do you wish, I pray, that the devil should present his
temptations if not to those who despise them? Sinners tempt
themselves; the devil already regards them as his own; they are
his confederates because they do not reject his suggestions. On the
contrary, they seek them and temptation resides in them. The devil
does not work much to set his snares in the secular world, but
rather in retired places where he expects a great gain in bringing
about the downfall of souls who are secluded there serving the
Divine Majesty more perfectly. St. Thomas used to marvel greatly at
how the greatest sinners went out into the streets, laughing and
joyful, as though their sins did not weigh on their consciences. And
who would not be astonished at seeing a soul not in God’s grace
making merry? Oh, how vain are their joys, and how false their
gaiety, for they have gone after anguish and eternal regrets! Let us
leave them, I pray you, and return to the fear of the slothful.
They
are always lamenting – and why? Why, you ask? “Alas, we must
work, and yet I thought that it would be enough to embark on God’s
way and in His service to find rest.” But do you not know that
sloth and idleness made poor David perish in temptation? You perhaps
would wish to be among those garrison soldiers who have everything
they wish in a good town; they are merry, they are masters of their
host’s home, they sleep in his bed and live well; nevertheless, they
are called “soldiers,” feigning to be valiant and courageous while
they go neither to battle nor to war. But Our Lord does not want
this kind of warrior in His army; He wants combatants and
conquerors, not sluggards and cowards. He chose to be tempted, and
Himself attacked in order to give us an example.
The
second terror of the night, according to St. Bernard, is that
experienced by children. As you are aware, children are very much
afraid when they are out of their mother’s arms. If they see a
barking dog they suddenly begin to cry, and will not stop until they
are again with their mamma. In her arms they feel secure. They feel
that nothing can harm them provided they are holding her hand. Ah,
then, the Psalmist says, why do you fear, you who are encompassed
with truth and armed with the strong shield of faith which teaches
you that God is your “Father Almighty”? Hold His hand and do not be
frightened, for He will save you and protect you against all your
enemies. Consider how St. Peter, after he made that generous act
of throwing himself into the sea and began walking on the water in
order more quickly to reach our Divine Saviour who had called to
him, suddenly began to fear and at the same time to sink down, and
cried out, “Lord, save me!” And at once his good Master stretched
out His hand and took hold of him, thus saving him from drowning [Matt.
14:29-31]. Let us do the same, my dear friends. If we feel that
we lack courage let us cry out in a loud voice full of confidence,
“Lord, save me!” Let us not doubt that God will strengthen us and
prevent us from perishing.
This page is the work of the Servants of the Pierced Hearts of Jesus and
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